Why Did a Group of Bishops Support Lula and Consider Flávio Bolsonaro a Threat to Democracy?
Bolsonaro's closeness to the United States and Donald Trump, with other issues.
Three Currents, One Council: The Brazilian Episcopate at Vatican II
The Brazilian episcopate contained significant internal differences concerning the direction that the Catholic Church should take.
Marcel Lefebvre and Castro Mayer: The Story of Their Joint Activism at the Second Vatican Council
Lefebvre and Castro Mayer cooperated on several of the most controversial questions discussed during the Council.
Bishop Antônio de Castro Mayer: Trajectory, Ideology, and Legacy of Catholic Traditionalism
The fundamental bedrock of his resistance to the reforms of the Second Vatican Council.
Two Paths of Catholic Traditionalism: Campos, the SSPX, and the Debate over Communion with Rome
The rise and fall of the alliance between Campos and the SSPX.